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Hairy Cat's-ear,
Hypochaeris radicata
Involucral bracts imbricate, in several series, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Hairy Cat's-ear,
Hypochaeris radicata
All leaves basal, possibly some bracts on main stem, per Wildflowers of the Eastern United States (Duncan & Duncan, 1999).
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Mountain Dwarf-dandelion,
Krigia montana
In Krigia, the involucral bracts are in 1 series, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Virginia Dwarf-dandelion,
Krigia virginica
Krigia's involucral bracts are in a single series (vs. 2 in Taraxacum), per Wildflowers of the Southern Mountains (Smith, 1998).
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Carolina False-dandelion,
Pyrrhopappus carolinianus
Inner bracts in 1 series, outer bracts shorter & in several series, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Common Dandelion,
Taraxacum officinale
Outer involucral bracts are reflexed and about as long as inner bracts, per Wildflowers of Tennessee (Carman, 2005).
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Pale Indian-plantain,
Arnoglossum atriplicifolium
Heads 5-flowered. Involucres cylindric, 7-9mm long, 3-5mm broad, bracts 5, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Groundsel,
Senecio vulgaris
Involucres cylindric; bracts in several series, 1 long and several short, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Groundsel,
Senecio vulgaris
Heads lack ray flowers; outer bracts have black tips, per Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the Southern Appalachians (Horn, Cathcart, Hemmerly, & Duhl, 2005).
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Golden Ragwort,
Packera aurea
Involucres narrowly campanulate, bracts in 1 series, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Roundleaf Ragwort,
Packera obovata
Involucral bracts purple-tipped, 0.2" [5mm] long, per Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the Southern Appalachians (Horn, Cathcart, Hemmerly, & Duhl, 2005).
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Rugel's Ragwort,
Rugelia nudicaulis
Stem leaves alternate, bract-like, much smaller than the basal leaves, per Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the Southern Appalachians (Horn, Cathcart, Hemmerly, & Duhl, 2005).
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Fireweed,
Erechtites hieraciifolius
Heads cylindrical but swollen at the base, bracts equal & in a single series, per Wildflowers of the Southern Mountains (Smith, 1998).
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Stokes Aster,
Stokesia laevis
Involucres hemispheric; bracts imbricate, outer bracts foliaceous, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Bachelor's Buttons,
Cyanus segetum
The involucral bracts have a narrow, dark, fringed margin, per Wildflowers of the Southern Mountains (Smith, 1998).
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Spotted Knapweed,
Centaurea stoebe ssp. micranthos
Outer involucral bracts w pectinate (comb-like), scarious, blackish apices, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Spotted Knapweed,
Centaurea stoebe ssp. micranthos
Involucres urn-shaped, ~ 0.5" high, bracts tipped with a blackish fringe, per Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the Southern Appalachians (Horn, Cathcart, Hemmerly, & Duhl, 2005).
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Blessed Thistle,
Centaurea benedicta
Heads sessile, closely subtended & partially concealed by large foliar bracts, per Weakley's Flora.
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Tyrol Knapweed,
Centaurea nigrescens
Involucral bracts with a triangular blackish tip, with a fringe, per Wildflowers in the Field and Forest: Northeastern US (Clemants & Gracie, 2006).
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Bull Thistle,
Cirsium vulgare
Involucral bracts narrowly pointed, rigid, not sticky, per Wildflowers in the Field and Forest: Northeastern US (Clemants & Gracie, 2006).
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Bull Thistle,
Cirsium vulgare
Involucres 1.0"-1.5" tall, bracts all have distinct yellowish spines, per Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the Southern Appalachians (Horn, Cathcart, Hemmerly, & Duhl, 2005).
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Common Yellow Thistle,
Cirsium horridulum var. horridulum
Flower heads more or less enclosed by an outer whorl of spiny leaf-like bracts, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Field Thistle,
Cirsium discolor
Involucres, from 1-1.5" long, have middle & outer bracts tipped with a spine, per Wildflowers of Tennessee (Carman, 2005).
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Tall Thistle,
Cirsium altissimum
Involucres have the middle and outer bracts tipped with a spine, per Wildflowers of Tennessee (Carman, 2005).
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Virginia Thistle,
Cirsium virginianum
Each head is about 2.5cm across, the bracts tight and with short spines, per Wildflowers of the Sandhills Region (Sorrie, 2011).
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Carolina Thistle,
Cirsium carolinianum
Involucres 0.6-0.8" high, bracts appressed, only outer with short spines, per Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the Southern Appalachians (Horn, Cathcart, Hemmerly, & Duhl, 2005).
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Swamp Thistle,
Cirsium muticum
Involucres spineless but covered with cobwebby hairs; each bract with a sticky glutinous midrib, per Wildflowers of the Southern Mountains (Smith, 1998).
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Swamp Thistle,
Cirsium muticum
Involucres 0.8-1.4" with sticky hairy bracts that usually don't have spines, per Wildflowers of Tennessee (Carman, 2005).
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Canada Thistle,
Cirsium arvense
Involucres are smooth or, at most, have minute prickles on outer bracts, per Wildflowers of the Southern Mountains (Smith, 1998).
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Nodding Thistle,
Carduus nutans
A nodding head with broad, purplish reflexed involucral bracts, per Wildflowers of the Southern Mountains (Smith, 1998).
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Plumeless Thistle,
Carduus acanthoides ssp. acanthoides
Involucres arachnose. Outer involucral bracts erect, inner bracts soft, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Blessed Milk-thistle,
Silybum marianum
Bracts conspicuous, spiny-ciliate with broad bases and firm spine-armed tips, per Manual of the Southeastern Flora (JK Small, 1933).
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Lesser Burdock,
Arctium minus
Involucres globose, their bracts terminating in long sharply hooked spines, per Wildflowers of the Southern Mountains (Smith, 1998).
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Stemless Ironweed,
Vernonia acaulis
Involucres 5-10mm long; outer bracts acuminate to caudate, inner acute, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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New York Ironweed,
Vernonia noveboracensis
It has long, pointed involucral bracts, per All About South Carolina Wildflowers (Midgley, 1999).
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Tall Ironweed,
Vernonia gigantea
Bracts overlapping, appressed, purplish, apex rounded to a short tip, per Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the Southern Appalachians (Horn, Cathcart, Hemmerly, & Duhl, 2005).
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Leafy Elephant's Foot,
Elephantopus carolinianus
Flower clusters subtended by relatively large leaflike bracts, per Wildflowers of the Southern Mountains (Smith, 1998).
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Common Elephant's Foot,
Elephantopus tomentosus
Flowers in heads surrounded by 3 conspicuous bracts, per Wildflowers of the Eastern United States (Duncan & Duncan, 1999).
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Grassleaf Blazing-star,
Liatris pilosa
Involucres 6-11mm long, 4-6mm in diameter; the bracts obtuse, usually green, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Smooth Blazing-star,
Liatris helleri
Heads of 7-10 disk flowers subtended by several series of overlapping bracts, per Wildflowers & Plant Communities of the Southern Appalachian Mountains and Piedmont (Spira, 2011).
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Sandhill Blazing-star,
Liatris cokeri
Bracts of the heads form a cone-shaped involucre, tips dense with resin dots, per Wildflowers of the Sandhills Region (Sorrie, 2011).
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Common Elegant Blazing-star,
Liatris elegans var. elegans
Flowers whitish (1-3 per head), within showy, twisting, involucral bracts, per Forest Plants of the Southeast and Their Wildlife Uses (Miller & Miller, 2005).
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Scaly Blazing-star,
Liatris squarrosa var. squarrosa
Involucral bracts leaf-like, reflexed, lanceolate, with acuminate tips, per Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the Southern Appalachians (Horn, Cathcart, Hemmerly, & Duhl, 2005).
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Sticky Chaffhead,
Carphephorus tomentosus
Flower heads are 12mm wide with acute, appressed, sticky-glandular bracts, per Wildflowers of the Sandhills Region (Sorrie, 2011).
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Common Dog-fennel,
Eupatorium capillifolium
Our Eupatorium flowers are bisexual, all disc, without receptacular bracts, per Wildflowers of the Eastern United States (Duncan & Duncan, 1999).
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Coastal Dog-fennel,
Eupatorium compositifolium
Our Eupatorium flowers are bisexual, all disc, without receptacular bracts, per Wildflowers of the Eastern United States (Duncan & Duncan, 1999).
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White Boneset,
Eupatorium album
Corymb branches pubescent. Involucres cylindric; bracts long-acuminate, apices and margins white, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Savanna Eupatorium,
Eupatorium leucolepis
"leucolepis" = white-scaled, referring to white-haired involucral bracts, per New York Natural Heritage Program.
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Savanna Eupatorium,
Eupatorium leucolepis
A flat-topped cluster of tiny flower heads, each w long-pointed white bracts, per Wildflowers of the Sandhills Region (Sorrie, 2011).
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Tall Thoroughwort,
Eupatorium altissimum
Disc flwrs white to cream-colored. Involucral bracts rounded, overlapping, per Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the Southern Appalachians (Horn, Cathcart, Hemmerly, & Duhl, 2005).
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Wedgeleaf Thoroughwort,
Eupatorium glaucescens
Involucres cylindric, 5-flowered; bracts acute, apices and margins white, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Recurved Thoroughwort,
Eupatorium recurvans
Involucres 3-4mm high, bracts w rounded apices (vs. E. mohrii, some inner bracts w acute apices), per Weakley's Flora (2023).
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Hyssopleaf Boneset,
Eupatorium hyssopifolium
Involucres cylindric, 5-flowered; bracts obtuse->acute, apices & margins white, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Common Roundleaf Boneset,
Eupatorium rotundifolium
Involucres 5-flowered, bracts obtuse to acute, apices and margins white, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Upland Boneset,
Eupatorium sessilifolium var. sessilifolium
Involucres cylindric, 4-6mm long, 2-3mm wide; bracts acute to obtuse, apices and margins white, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Mistflower,
Conoclinium coelestinum
(Pollinator at work) Involucral bracts awl-shaped, purple-tipped, per Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the Southern Appalachians (Horn, Cathcart, Hemmerly, & Duhl, 2005).
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Climbing Hempweed,
Mikania scandens
Each head has 4 acuminate, nearly smooth, involucral bracts, per Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the Southern Appalachians (Horn, Cathcart, Hemmerly, & Duhl, 2005).
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Common Camphorweed,
Pluchea camphorata
Involucre hemispheric, about 0.2" long, bracts stiff and overlapping, per Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the Southern Appalachians (Horn, Cathcart, Hemmerly, & Duhl, 2005).
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Trampweed,
Facelis retusa
Inner involucral bracts w 2 convergent purplish spots below the hyaline apex, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Solitary Pussytoes,
Antennaria solitaria
Scape 2-25cm tall, 4-7 bracteate, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).