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Golden Bamboo,
Phyllostachys aurea
Culms green, or yellowish in bright sun or with age, per Woody Plants of the Southeastern US: A Winter Guide (Lance, 2004).
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Golden Bamboo,
Phyllostachys aurea
Culms usually to 3 or rarely 4cm in diameter, per Woody Plants of the Southeastern US: A Winter Guide (Lance, 2004).
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Giant Timber Bamboo,
Phyllostachys bambusoides
Largest culms to 15cm in diameter and 25m tall. Nodal junctions oblique, per Weakley's Flora.
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Yellowgroove Bamboo,
Phyllostachys aureosulcata
Lower portion of culm may be geniculate (zigzag) at the nodes, per Woody Plants of the Southeastern US: A Winter Guide (Lance, 2004).
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Giant Timber Bamboo,
Phyllostachys bambusoides
Culms 3-12cm in diameter and thick-walled, per Woody Plants of the Southeastern US: A Winter Guide (Lance, 2004).
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Yellowgroove Bamboo,
Phyllostachys aureosulcata
Culms usually 2-4cm diameter, potentially to about 10m tall, per Woody Plants of the Southeastern US: A Winter Guide (Lance, 2004).
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Makinoi Bamboo,
Phyllostachys makinoi
Culms 10-20m tall, 3-8cm in diameter. Culm sheaths with variably sized spots, per Flora of China.
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Giant Reed,
Arundo donax
Last year's culms are still standing when the new growth starts.
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Giant Reed,
Arundo donax
Cornstalk-like culms over 20' high topped by 3' feathery plumes of flowers, per Invasive Plants, Guide to Identification, Impacts and Control (Kaufman & Kaufman, 2007).
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Giant Reed,
Arundo donax
Leaf blades conspicuously distichous [2-ranked], spaced ~ evenly along culm, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Common Reed,
Phragmites australis
Culms erect, with stout creeping rhizomes and often also with stolons, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Longspike Tridens,
Tridens strictus
Culms rather stout, erect, 1-1.5 m tall, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Sea Oats,
Uniola paniculata
Coarse, rhizomatous perennial; culms 1-2m tall, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Weeping Lovegrass,
Eragrostis curvula
Culms 60-120cm tall, densely tufted, erect, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Purple Lovegrass,
Eragrostis spectabilis
Panicle 2/3 the height of the culm, diffuse, bright purple (rarely pale), per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Orchard Grass,
Dactylis glomerata
Culms in large tussocks, 60-120cm tall; blades elongate, 2-8mm wide, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Hairy Woodland Brome,
Bromus pubescens
Culms with 6-10 leaves, per Weakley's Flora (2020).
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Canada Bluegrass,
Poa compressa
Culms strongly flattened, per The Grasses of North Carolina (Blomquist, 1948).
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Autumn Bluegrass,
Poa autumnalis
Culms in rather large lax tufts, 30-60cm tall; blades 2-3mm wide, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Rat-tail Fescue,
Festuca myuros
Culms 10-70cm tall. Leaves to 15cm x 0.5-1.2mm; blades and sheaths glabrous, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Hard Fescue,
Festuca trachyphylla
Culms densely tufted, usually 20-40cm tall; blades slender, involute, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Little Barley,
Hordeum pusillum
Culms 10-60cm tall, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Virginia Wild-rye,
Elymus virginicus
Culms usually 7-10dm tall, with 6-8 nodes; blades 3-15mm wide, flat, per Weakley's Flora (2018).
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Mountain Oatgrass,
Danthonia compressa
Culms rather loosely tufted, on average stouter and taller than D. spicata, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Green Needlegrass,
Piptochaetium avenaceum
These culms are "swollen", almost ready to release their panicles.
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Big Three-awn,
Aristida condensata
Culms rather robust, a meter or more tall, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Timothy,
Phleum pratense ssp. pratense
Culms 50-100cm tall from a swollen or bulblike base, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Sandhills Dropseed,
Sporobolus junceus
Culms erect, slender, about 3-noded, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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West Indian Dropseed,
Sporobolus jacquemontii
Culms 40-100cm. Blades 10-40cm long, 2-4mm wide, tapering to a fine point, per Grass Manual on the Web.
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Pink Muhlygrass,
Muhlenbergia capillaris
Panicle purple, oblong, diffuse, 1/3-1/2 the height of the culm, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Nimblewill,
Muhlenbergia schreberi
Culms weak, decumbent, rooting at the nodes, the upper portions erect, per Weakley's Flora (2015).
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Nuttall's Reedgrass,
Greeneochloa coarctata
Culms erect, stout, about 125cm tall, per The Grasses of North Carolina (Blomquist, 1948).
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Bermuda Grass,
Cynodon dactylon
Several slender spikes digitate at the summit of the upright culms, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Red Sprangletop,
Dinebra panicea ssp. brachiata
Panicle of numerous approximate slender racemes, ~ half the length of culm, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Red Spangletop,
Dinebra panicea ssp. mucronata
Panicle of numerous approximate slender racemes, ~ half the length of culm, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Rice Cutgrass,
Leersia oryzoides
Culms slender, weak, often decumbent at base, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Southern Wild-rice,
Zizaniopsis miliacea
Culms 1-3m tall or even taller, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Saltmarsh Foxtail-grass,
Setaria magna
Culms to 4m tall. Panicles densely flowered, nodding, to 50cm long, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Yellow Foxtail,
Setaria italica
In the larger forms the culms may be as much as 1cm thick, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Wavyleaf Basketgrass,
Oplismenus undulatifolius
Leaf sheaths and culm axis are pilose with hairs 3-5mm long, per Weakley's Flora (2015).
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Dallis-grass,
Paspalum dilatatum ssp. dilatatum
Culms of P. urvillei (left) 1-2m tall, vs. P. dilatatum (right) 0.6-1.2m tall, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Vasey Grass,
Paspalum urvillei
Culms of P. urvillei (left) 1-2m tall, vs. P. dilatatum (right) 0.6-1.2m tall, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Switchgrass,
Panicum virgatum var. virgatum
Culms erect, tough and hard, 1-2 (rarely 3) meters tall, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Fall Panicum,
Panicum dichotomiflorum var. dichotomiflorum
Culms 50-100cm long from a geniculate base [base w abrupt knee-like joints], per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Starved Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium depauperatum
Vernal phase with culms several to many in a tuft. Leaf blades 6-15cm x 2-5mm, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Dwarf Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium strigosum var. leucoblepharis
Basal leaves similar to or > mid & upper culm lvs, often matted or a cushion, per Weakley's Flora (2015).
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Hairless Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium strigosum var. glabrescens
Culms glabrous, blades conspicuously ciliate, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Ravenel's Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium ravenelii
Vernal culm 30-70cm tall, densely papillose-hirsute with ascending hairs, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Few-flowered Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium oligosanthes
Vernal culms 35-80cm tall, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Woolly Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium acuminatum var. acuminatum
Culms 40-70cm tall, lax, often with glabrous ring below villous nodes, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Woolly Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium acuminatum var. acuminatum
Culms ascending, usually with a glabrous ring below the villous nodes, per The Grasses of North Carolina (Blomquist, 1948).
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White-haired Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium villosissimum var. villosissimum
Vernal phase culms 25-45cm tall, erect or ascending, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Small-fruited Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium microcarpon
Nodes conspicuously bearded with reflexed hairs, culms otherwise glabrous, per The Grasses of North Carolina (Blomquist, 1948).
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Bog Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium lucidum
Cauline leaves well-distributed along culm; culms weak, soon sprawling, per Weakley's Flora (2015).
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Long-ligule Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium longiligulatum
Culms 2-7dm long, wiry. Leaf blades glabrous, to 8cm long, 2-6mm wide, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Many-flowered Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium polyanthes
Vernal culms erect, usually purplish below, tall (to 90cm); leaf ...
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Many-flowered Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium polyanthes
Mid-culm blades to 25cm long, 14-30mm wide, the uppermost 10-15+ cm long, per Weakley's Flora (2020).
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Velvet Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium scoparium
Culms 5-14dm [55"] tall, per Vascular Flora of the Carolinas (Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1968).
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Variable Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium commutatum +
Vernal culms 40-75cm tall, erect, per Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock & Chase, 1950).
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Deer-tongue Witchgrass,
Dichanthelium clandestinum
Vernal culms in large clumps, robust, tall (up to 1.5m), per The Grasses of North Carolina (Blomquist, 1948).